The essential oil from aerial parts of Nepeta persica Boiss was obtained by steam distillation and was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Fourteen components were identified as accounting for 97.3% of total oil composition. The 4aα,7α,7aα-nepetalactone (80%) and Spiro[5.6]dodecane (14.2%) were the main components of essential oil. Antimicrobial activity of essential oil against different kinds of microorganisms was determined by micro-broth dilution assay. The minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal lethal concentration values of oil were in the ranges from 1-8 to 1-16 μl/ml, respectively. Most of all, the oil was sensitive to Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2, 2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging. The IC50 values of N. persica essential oil and BHT were nearly 0.03%, 2.98%, respectively and in β-carotene/linoleic acid system, the essential oil did not show effective antioxidant activity.